Glass-working machine.



No. 696,007; Patented Mar. 25, l902.' w. COLBURN.

GLASS WORKING MACHINE.

(Application filed Apr. 17, 1899. Renewed Aug. 17, 1901.) (No Model.)

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11v VENTQR- Patented Mar. 25, I902. l. W. COLBUBN. GLASS WORKINGMACHINE.

(Application filed Apr. 17 1899; Renewed Aug. 17, 1901.)

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(No Model.)

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No. 696,007. Patented Mar. 25, I902.

I. W. COLBURN.

GLASS WORKING MACHINE.

(Appliruticn filed Apr. 17, 1899. Renewed Aug. 17, 19 O1 (No Model.) 4Sheet's-$heet 3.

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No. 696,007. Patented Mar. 25, 1902.

I. W. COLBURN.

GLASS WORKING MACHINE. (Application filed Apr. 17, 1899, Renewed Aug.17, 1901.)

(No Model.) 4 Sheets-Sheet 4.

* ra ns Prices GLASS-WORKING MACHINE.

SPECIFICATION forming part: of Letters Patent N 0. 696,007, dated March25, 1902. Application filed April 17, 1899. Renewed August 17, 1901.fierial No. 72,384. (No model.)

To all whom, it may concern: 7

Be it known that I, IRVING W. COLBURN, a citizen of the United States,residing at T0- ledo, in the county of Lucas and State of Ohio, haveinvented certain new and useful Improvements in Glass-\Vorking Machines;and I do hereby declare the following to be a full, clear, and exactdescription of the invention, such as will enable others skilled in theart to which it appertains to make and use the same.

My invention relates to a novel means or apparatus for rolling,pressing, and stretching plastic glass into sheets for the purpose ofmanufacturing plate and window glass.

It consists, primarily, in departing from the methods hitherto employedof manipulating glass in gatherings for each separate sheet and formsthe glass in a continuous sheet as drawn progressively from a measuringvessel containing a sufiticient collection of molten glass for an entirecycle of operation of the machine. The product is afterward cut up intocommercial sizes. By this improved means I am enabled to utilize thelargestsized glass-melting tanks or pot-furnaces for the purpose andreadily gather, roll, press, and stretch into plate and window glass theentire melting capacity of the tank with a small amount of attendance. Iam enabled thereby to dispense with a number of skilled workmen. Theemployment of the outside collecting and measuring vessel in conjunctionwith means for collecting a measured quantity does away with thegatherers,while the rolling, drawing, pressing, and stretching mechanismenables me to dispense with the workmen known as blowers, snappers, andflatteners. therefore enables me to accomplish with a few men-t. e. oneskilled glass-worker and three helpers or attendants-the work that isnow accomplished by a much larger number of men working by the handprocess of making sheet-glass and to produce better work at a speed ofproduction never approached in hand work. It enables me to producesheet-glass with a perfectly smooth, even, clear, and brilliant surfaceready to be out into sheets of the proper size and carried direct to theannealing-ovens without further manipulation. I am also enabled toproduce window-glass of This apparatus 1 a perfectly even thickness andto vary the thickness at will, if desired. I can produce plates orsheets of any desired thickness, uniform or variable, the speed of themachine and all the regulating mechanisms being under perfect controlduring all stages of the operation.

My said invention is designed for dealing with plastic glass inconsiderable masses in a fluent state and at a high temperature,bringing it to the rolling, drawing, and stretching mechanism in acontinuous stream in the proper condition of plasticity for working andthereafter working the entire mass into finished plates or sheets by themeans about to be described.

In the drawings forming a part of this specification, Figure 1 is afront elevation, partly in section, of the main frame, glass-tank,underground pit, water cooling vessel, drawbars, water cooling-pipes,air cooling-pipes, stretching mechanism, hand-levers, switchboard, &c.Fig. 2 is a front elevation showing the drawing-chains and attacheddrawingbar with a suspended sheet of glass attached broken away in themiddle and the cuttingtable underneath, on which the glass is cut upinto commercial sizes, also the traversing motor and accessories. Fig. 3is a side elevation, partly in section, showing the meltting glass-tank,the main frame of the glassmachine, the stretching mechanism, thereceptacle for collecting a measured quantity of glass, the mechanismfor assisting the plastic glass to travel through the slot in the bottomof the receptacle, the rolls for rolling the plastic glass, the pipescontaining water to cool the same, the pit underneath the floor, thewater cooling-tank, the draw or pressure bars, the water and aircooling-pipes, the le vers and mechanism for operating the rolls andpressure-bars, the motor for driving the rolls, the motor for liftingthe weight (1, the traversing motor, and the motor for stretching theglass, with its attached mechanism. Fig. 4 is a plan view of theglass-melting tank, the motor for operating the rolls and its connectingdevices, the collecting vessel, the rolls for rolling the plastic glass,the pressure-bars, the Water cooling-tank, the water coolingpipes, theair cooling-pipes, the lover mechanism and connecting-shafts foroperating ICO the rolls and pressure-bars, the water circulation, theswitchboard, &c. Fig. 5 is a view of the inclined cutting-table. Fig. 6is a detail view showing the mode of introducing the electrical currentto the traversing motor. Fig. 7 is a side view of the device forintroducing the electrical current to the traversing motor. Fig. 8 is aside view of the handbrake shown in the upper part of Fig. 2. Fig. 9 isa plan View showing the two main back supporting girders of the frame ofthe machine, also the two extra girders which are attached to the sidesof the measuring and collecting vessel to assist in supporting the motor26 and its connecting mechanism for lifting the weight g. Fig. 10 is afront elevation of the upright girders or I-beams, also the-glassmeasuring and collecting vessel, also the pressure-Weight q and themotor 26, with its operating train of gearing and drums, lifting-ropes,&c. Fig. 11 is an'end elevation showing same parts as'shown in Fig. 10,partly in section. Fig. 12 is a View looking directly under the glassmeasuring and collecting vessel, also showing the water circulation forcooling the walls of said vessel, also handlevers 94, which hold the barj in position while'the plastic glass is being collected in vessel andattached to said bar. Fig. 13 shows aside and bottom view of the bar j,adapted to fit into the bottom slot of the measuring vessel, and theT-shaped projections for the plastic-glass to cast to and adhere to.Fig. 14 is anotherview of the bar j, showing a front and side elevationof the bar with the glass attached to the same. Fig. 15 is an end view,partly in-section, showing the pressurebars with a piece ofplastic glassbetween.

- the same.

Fig. 16 shows the water cooling-pipes with their controlling-valves.These cooling-pipes are directly over the rolls, as shown in Fig. 3.

Like letters and-numerals of reference refer to like parts on theseveral figures.

Referring to the drawings, f represents a glass-melting tank, preferablyarched on the top, broken away in the middle, as shown in Figs. 3 and4-, to economize space in the drawk is the melted glass in the tank. Themelting is preferably done with gas and by the regenerator process,flame-ports, one of which is shown at g, being arranged in the parallelside walls on both sides toward the rear of the furnace.

l is the charging-hole in the rear wall,closed bya door having suitablemeans for operating In the front wall there is a portion of the wall ofthe tank made thin, with an aperture or passage-way h therein fordrawing out-melted or fluent glass from under the surface of the glassin the said tank, whereby nothing but refined glass of best quality,suitable for the production of the best sheet-glass, is withdrawn. Theglass should be thoroughly mixed and in best condition for operation.The floating scum and dirt cannot flow through this aperture, as it issome distance below the surface. This opening to the furnace is stoppedby means of tire or pot clay applied moist on the end of a long woodenpole, similar to the wayin which iron flowing from a blast furnace isstopped. When it is desired to open this aperture to obtain a gatheringof glass, the stopping'is broken open with a long rod of metal pointedat the end in a similar way to that employed in opening a blast-furnacefor the pouring of metal.

t is a collecting vessel for the fluent glass as it comes from thefurnace at a high temperature. This vessel has a water jacketcirculation u provided entirely around it on all sides, with a suitablemeans of supply k (pipe 25) for the purpose of keeping the vessel andits contents at the proper temperature and to assist in cooling thefluent glass to the temperature and plasticity required for working.This vessel has a slotted passage-way for fluent glass in thehopper-shaped bottom thereof, through which the glass is withdrawn atstated periods by means hereinafter described. The vessel has also acover 1; hinged to its top, as shown in the drawings. Said cover isprovided with an upturned receptacle 96 at the forward edge thereof forpurposes hereinafter described. a

In front of and embracing the arch of the tank is erected a frameworkcarrying platforms for sustaining the stretching and drawing motormechanisms of the apparatus. The framework consists of the verticalI-beams a b c d, sustaining platforms 60 and 6l-for the operators andcarrying trackway 57 for the traveling motor 28 and sustaining alsomotor 27 for operating the drawing mechanism and motor 26 for operatingthe glass-expelling mechanism. There are also the upright girders e,braced to girders b and d and having vertical ways 56 56 thereon.

Below'the level of the floor 81 and that of the bottom of the tank is apit 54, containing a water-tank 40 for cooling the rolled glass in whichare rolls 41, said tank being supplied by means of pipe 92.

43 and 44 are guide-rolls for the sheet of glass located in the pit,roll 44 being sustained on supporting-girder 45, which also supportsthe-floor 81. 3 3 are drain-channels to keep the pit dry.

Close to the aperture of the jacketed vessel t is a pair of rollsz z,mounted in movable bearings and arranged so as to be capable ofapproximation and separation by suitable mechanism, the space betweenthe rolls being at all times directly under and in alinement with theslot-in the bottom of vessel 25, through which the plasticglass flowsdirectly to the rolls. Said rolls are hollow and are supplied with meansfor circulating a current of water through them drawn from a suitablesource of supply. Just above the rolls are horizontal perforated orslotted water-pipes 51, provided with valves 6, Fig. 10, for sprinklingthe highly-heated glass as it issues from IIO the measuring vessel andreducing its temperature to a workable degree.

29 is a rotary motor, preferably electric, receiving its supply ofenergy from an outside source of power and communicating rotary motionthrough a suitable train of gearing and sprocket-chain belting to therolls simultaneously. It does this preferably by means of an endlesssprocket chain enwrapping sprocket-gears on the ends of the roll-shaftspassing between the said sprocket-gears to give the requisitecooperative direction to the rolls. Said chain is long enough to have abight in the slack thereof, in which runs an idle sprocket-pulleymounted on a pivoted radius-arm 64, on which radius-arm is asliding oradjustable weight 63 of sufficient mass to keep the sprocket-chainalways taut at the required tension to drive the rolls.

Directly opposite to the rolls 2 z are located on platform 81 andsustained by columns ac two pressure-bars or drawing-barsy 'y,mounted insuitable bearings 79, which pressurebars, as well as rolls .2 a, areborne on movable supports 90 89, sliding in horizontal ways 91, so as tobe capable by means of suitable mechanism of approximation andseparation while the space between them is kept in the same place and incase of the rolls 2'2 is in constant alinement with the slot or aperturein the bottom of vessel 15. These pres sure-bars are preferably madewith multiple facets 22 22, as shown in Fig. 15, and are rotatable intheir supports for adjustment for the purpose of readily and quicklybringing a new facet or surface which is perfectly fresh and trueintocontact with the plastic sheet of glass when the surface in use showsany signs of roughness or inequality from wear. They are made,preferably, of metal and hollow and are provided with a means of watercirculation (pipes 46 47, flexible junction 78) from a suitable sourceof supply. The rolls are also similarly provided with a means of watercirculation (pipes 7 8, flexible junction 77) to cool the same, as inthe case of the pressure-bars.

Directly above the pressu re-bars are located the sprinkling-pipes 4:8,supplied with numerous perforations and controlled by suitable cocks orvalves as to the water-supply. Immediately over the said water-pipes arearranged in vertical series the air coolingpipes 49 50, formed withperforations, slits; or apertures directed toward the sheet of plasticglass for the purpose of cooling the same. These air-pipes are suppliedwith air from an outside source, such as a large fanblower, by means ofthe air-conduit 88, connected with all the pipes, the blast beingregulated and controlled by means of the hand gate or valve 87.

High up on a platform supported by the vertical columns Ct c is locateda motor 27, preferably electric, whose armature-shaft is connected by asuitable train of gearing 10 with a horizontal rotary shaft 11, carryingdrums 37 37, onwhich as said shaft is revolved by said motor wind orunwind the flexible bands, ropes, chains, or wire cords 9 9, firmlyconnected at their lower ends to the transverse bar 14, which as saidropes or bands wind or unwind upon the drums travels up or down in ahorizontal position, being guided at the ends in or upon guideways p p,affixed to the vertical columns a c. Said bar has perforations 12 12, inwhich loosely run the circular segments 58 58, which have the functionof detachable hooks. They can be rotated in the said perforations bytheir handles, and they connect with another transverse bar 0 by meansofperforations 13 13. From this bar 0 depend the chains on m, whichconnect at their lower ends with the transverse anchor-bar 7', thefunction of which is presently to be described.

At the top of the framework supported by the vertical columns a c isalso sustained a horizontal trackway 57, which may be either straight orcircuitous, preferably the latter. On this trackway runs a suspensorycarrier or car n, borne by wheels 86 86, which carries ahorizontalrotary shaft 106, sustained in suitable bearings, a rotaryelectric motor 28, by which said shaft is rotated, and drums 38 38,mounted on said shaft, rotating with it. These drums have suspensorybands, ropes, chains, or wire cords 15 15, which wind and unwind thereonas the shaft 106 is rotated, similar to the bands on drums 37, and saidcords carry on their lower ends-blocks l6, perforated to receivesegmental ring-hooks 59 59, similar in function to the ring-hooks 58.These drums and suspensory cords are somewhat nearer together than arethe drums and cords on shaft 11, and the ring-hooks 59 hook intoperforations in bar 0 especially provided for them.- Platform 60 affordsafooting and working space for the helper at this point.

Attached to the motor 28 is a dependent switchboard 83, within easyreach of the attendant on platform 60, carrying a regulating-rheostat 17for said motor 28 and a reversing-switch 82 to enable the operator toregu-' late the current-and turn it on and off and to reverse the samein order to reverse the direction of revolution of the drums 38 whennecessary. The current is brought to the motor in this case on thepositive and negative wires 98, (see Figs. 6 and 7,) on which traversethe conductor-trolleys 97 97, conveying the current from an outsidesource of energyto the rheostat and the reversing-switch through the twoconductive insulated arms 2 2 and thence to the armature of the motor.The said arms are pivoted to the motor, and the trolleywheels 97 areheld up against the conductorwires 98 by the tension of the spring m,at-

tached to the said arms at one end and secured to fixed stud r on themotor at the other end. i t I 99 is an insulating-block provided toseparate the currents passing through arms 2 2,

' which are electrically joined to the conductor-wires s s, that pass'to=the rheostat' and the reversing-switch;

84 is a hand friction-brake operating on friction-drums 20,by which theoperator modifies the revolution'of drums 38 independently of theelectrical appliances.

85 is an inclined cutting-table, supported on a suitable framework andlocated at a convenient 'point directly under the elevated,

trackway 57 to receive the glass transferred by means of the travelingcarrier from the drawing and stretching apparatus to the place where itis cut up into commercial sizes.

On the floor 81 is sustained a switchboard 36, upon which are mountedthree'reversing switches 33 34 35 for reversing the currents anddirection of rotation of the motors 27, 29,

and 26,respectively,and three regulating-rheostats 3031 32,by which thecurrents which sup- 4 ply energy to the respective electric motors 27,29, and 26 are turned on and off and also graduregulating functionsolely.'

ated and regulated at will, orthe current may in practice be turnedonand-off by means of the reversing-switches, leaving to the rheostats aOn the'floor'sl is also located the mechanism by which the attendantsoperate the movements of the rolls and pressure-bars, an end elevationof which is shown in Fig.3. This mechanism comprises, essentially, therocking levers 67 68,

pivoted upon standards 65 66, supplied at the top with curved ratchetedlocking-racks, into the teeth of which the locking-pawls on thehand-levers 67 68 engage. The pedestals 89 90 of the rolls and thepressure-bars, respectively, are movably mounted in horizontal-lubricated ways 91, and said pedestals are connected to the rockinglevers, respectively,

by pivoted links 69 7O 71 72, which links preferably are supplied withextension-turnbuckles, as shown,to enable their lengths to be adjustedaccurately. The links are pivotally attached to the said rocking leversabove and below the rocking centers thereof at equal distancestherefrom. By this arrangement a simultaneous and equal approximation orseparation of the rolls and pressure-bars, re-

spectively, is secured as the rocking levers are manipulated by theattendant, but any other equivalent mechanical device may be employed.To insure parallelism between the -rolls and pressure-bars,respectively, in all vated platform' i, borne on the framework andconnected by a train of gearing with a rotary shaft 21, mounted insuitable hearings,

on which are drums 39 39, to which are connected winding and unwindingropes, cords,

bands, or chains 19, attached at their lower ends to a horizontal bar18, traveling up and down in ways 56, formed on upright girders e e.Said bar 18 is suspended by said ropes directly over the center of themeasuring vessel't and is capable of being traversed up and down by theaction of the electric motor 26, whose movements are regulated andcontrolled by the attendant through the regulating-rheostat 32 onswitchboard 36.

There is abarj of refractory metal, (shown in detail in Figs. 13 and14,) which fits the slot or aperture in the bottom of the vessel 2,(shown in that position in Fig. 12,) having integrallyformed thereon theT-shaped projections 93, by means of which the glass flowbeing slightlychilled by the contact therewith becomes attached and dovetailedthereto; thus making a sufficiently rigid contact 7 or connectiontherewith to enable the bar to perform its functions, which are to drawthe glass progressively from the measuring vessel, aided by therolls'and weight, and later on to stretch the sheetof plastic glassagainst the tension afforded by the pressure-bars.

Instead of the T-shaped projections on thebar j shownI may use any othersuitable and equivalent means for causing intimate union and adhesionbetween said bar and the plastic glass, so as to hold it with sufficient tenacity for drawing purposes, such as a cold seal of glassmodeled on a terminal of proper construction, operating like thegathering- -irons in use in hand operations, or a suitablyformed clamp.

ing into the vessel 15 surrounds. the same and Prior to opening the tankit is supposed to Y have been supplied with different batches of glassof the required quality, to which a high heat has'been applied until itis full of melted glass of a proper temperature for working.

The glass passes forward from the charging placetoward the front,undergoing a fierce temperature during the passage, and reaching a highstate of fluidity. After it passes the flameports and advances towardthe comes mitigated, the glass becomes more homogeneous and refined, andadvances toward the more viscous and plastic staterequired for working.Before the tank is opened the cover 1: is placed in theinclined positionshown in dotted lines in Fig.3, its inner end resting upon a plate 5,which bridges the space between the tank-aperture and the vessel-wall. Abreach is now made through the fire-clay which stops the opening. Assoon as the tank is opened melted glass flows from the aperture h, andwith it comes the refuse fire-clay or pot-clay used in sealing theaperture. This impure mixture flows down the declivity of the cover intothe receptacle 96,

.front end of the tank the temperature b0- slowly.

which is designed for its collection. As soon as clear glass begins toflow from the aperture the cover should be turned up by the attendant bymeans of the handle 10 into the position shown in clear lines in Fig. 3.The clear glass then flows freely along the bridgepiece 5 into themeasuring vessel t. The refuse glass in the receptacle 96 may be removedat convenience. Then the proper quantity of glass has flowed into thevessel 75, making its adherence to the barj, as before stated, theweight g, which has previously been elevated by means of the motor 26,cords 19, and bar 18, is allowed to descend upon the surface of thefluent glass under control of the rheost-at 30, the glass meantimeapproaching the plastic condition for proper working by the influence ofthe temperature conditions afforded by the water-jacket circulationaround the measuring vessel. The motor 27 is now set in motion by theattendant very This communicates a pull to the bar j, which should bepreviously released from its fixed position by swinging back the clamps945, which have hitherto confined it, Fig. 12. Said motor is connectedwith barj by means of chains m m, bar 0, ring-hooks 58 58, winding-cords9 9, and rotary drums 37 37, and exerts regulated drawing tension uponsaid bar j and the sheet of glass attached thereto. The glass now leavesthe vessel under gravity and the pressure due to the weight g and theslight traction above referred to following the attached barj, passingbetween the rolls, which are set into regu lated motion by theattendant, the further cooling and consequent viscosity of the glasshaving been increased byjets from the sprinkling'pipes 51, situated justabove the rolls. The weight follows the glass downward until asufficient quantity for the working in hand is expelled. If the weightis made to conform in shape to that of the interior of the tank, thewhole measuring may be expelled, or for this purpose a shoe ofrefractory material conforming in shape to the hopper-like form of thevesselt may be fitted to the bottom of weight g. After passing the rollsthe plastic sheet passes by roll 44C in the pit, which has no otherfunction than simply to guide the sheet to its proper destination. Theplastic sheet then passes into the water-tank 40 between rolls 4:1 42.These last-mentioned-rolls also serve only a guiding function and .tocontrol the depth of 'immerson of the glass sheet in the water-tank. Thesheet at this time is of such high temperature that the water has only acooling effect upon it, which is not the case when the glass approachesthe solidifying stage. The sheet of glass, still flexible, now

passes, by reason of the traction exerted upon it, behind the guide-roll43 up between the pressure-bars g g which by means of the regulatedpressure brought upon them by the at tendant at lever 67 are forced intosufficiently close contact with the plastic sheet to cause the same tostretch and elongate under the I drawing tension still exerted on barj.During this stretching it becomes attenuated and at the same timeassumes a polished and brilliant surface, which is the condition whichis desirable to fix permanently in the glass. To this end thecooling-spray pipes 48 48 come into play and immediately after thecooling air-jets from the series of air-pipes 49 5O, placed above, whichfinally exhaust the glass of its plasticity and stretching qualities andcause it to set into its finished condition. The controlling of thedrawing operation requires cooperative skill and judgment in thecombined manipulation of the pressure-bars and of the drawing-motor 27through its rheostat. The same is true of the cooperative management ofrolls ,2 z, the motor 26, and the motor 29, which therefore require askilled operative. Both rolls and pressure-bars may be paste-coveredwhen the nature of the work in hand is such as to demand it. After theglass sheet has been thus rolled, stretched, polished, cooled, andfinished the entire gathering of glass in the collecting vessel havingbeen converted into a commercial product i and the drawing machinerystoppeditis necessary to remove the said product from the machine. Thisis accomplished as follows: An attendant on the upper platform takeshanging rings 59, suspended from drums 38 on carrier 72, and insertsthem in the holes in bar 0, provided for that purpose. of thelifting-motor 28 he then takes tension off from the ring-hooks 58, bywhich the bar has been suspended during the drawing operation,and isthus enabled to release the ringhooks 58 from the bar and suspendtheglass sheet from the carrier 11. The said carrier or car is thusmoved along the trackway 57 until it comes over the inclinedcutting-table 85, when by means of the reversing-switch, the rheostat,and the hand-brake appliances he lowers the sheet of glass upon the saidtable, when a cutter there stationed cuts the sheet of glass into thedesired commercial sizes as the sheet is intermittently fed .down to himby the attendant until he has exhausted the By the aid I do not limitmyself to drawing the glass from the melting-tank, as this invention isjust as well adapted to taking the glass from a pot-furnace. In suchcase the melted glass would be brought to the measuring vessel bysuitable appliances and emptied therein until the proper gathering forone operation was collected. In some cases this would be the moreconvenient mode of operation, as pots from several furnaces could bebrought and utilized in one machine.

The glass can be taken from any point of the melting-tank whereconvenient, as well as from the front side, as shown.

The rolls and pressure-bars can be shaped and arranged so as to formglass sheets of varying thickness as well as of uniform thickness.

cut-

1. In the making of sheet-glass, the combination of areeeptacle forholding a measured portion of molten glass, awate'r-jacket surroundingsaid receptacle to regulate its temperature, means for supplying saidjacket with a water circulation, means for withdrawing plastic glassfrom said receptacle in a conti'nuousstream,means for cooling saidplas-" tic'stream, means for progressively corn pressiug'and flatteningsaid plastic stream into 'a sheet, and positive traction means appliedat the cadet the sheet after it"leav'essaid compressing and flatteningmechanism, for drawing, stretching and attenuating-said sheet into atransparent and finished condition, -suhstantially -as specified.

2. In the'making of sheet-glass, the

measured portion of molten glass, means for w thdrawing plastic glassfrom said receptacl-e in a continuousstream,'means for cooling saidplastic stream, apiston under regulated control for forcing the glassfrom said receptacle'auxiliary' to the withdrawing means, and means forprogressively flattening said stream of glass into specified.

3. In the making of sheet-glass, the combi nal ion ofa'jacketedreceptacle for holding a measured'po'rtion of molten' glass,means for withdrawing plastic glass from said receptacle 'in'acontinuous stream, means for progressively compressing and flatteningsaid streamof'plastic glass into a sheet, means for further coolingsaid'plastic sheet, means for frictionally grasping said sheet on bothsides by regulated pressure, and traction means engaging the end of saidsheet to pull the same positively and draw, stretch and attenuatethe-same against-the resistance of the said I grasping means,substantially as specified;

4. In the making of sheet-glass, the combination of a receptacle forholding a measured portion of molten glass, "means forwithdrawing-plastic glass from said receptacle in a continuous'stream, apair of rolls for progressively flattening said stream of plastic glassinto a continuous sheet as it issues from said receptacle, tractionmeans at the end of said sheet for forcibly withdrawing the same againstresistance, and non-rotaryin action but revolubly-adjustablepressure-bars for frictionally grasping said moving sheet,

' whereby the latter isdrawn, stretched and attenuated into atransparent sheet above the said pressure-bars by the withdrawing force,substantially as specified.

5. In the making of sheet-glass, the combination of a receptacleforholding a measured portion of molten glass, means for withdrawingplastic glass from said receptacle in a continuous stream, a pair ofrolls for progressively flattening said stream of plastic glass into acontinuous sheet, a pair of-non-rotary in action butrevolubly-adjustable pressure- I-elaim and desire to secure LettersPatcombi-: nation of a jacketed receptacle for holding a a sheet,substantially as bars for frictionally grasping said sheet as itiswithdrawn, means for regulating and controlling the distance betweensaid rolls, and means for regulating and controlling the distancebetween said pressure-bars, substantially as specified.

6. In the making of sheet-glass, the combination of a receptacle forholding a measured portion of molten glass, means for withdrawingplastic glass from said receptacle in a continuous stream, means forcooling said plastic glass as it issues from said receptacle, a pair ofrolls for flattening said glass into a continuous sheet, a cooling-tankinthe path of' said sheet, for still further cooling the same, a pair"ofpressure-bars for frietionally grasping said moving sheet,spraying-pipes provided with means for throwlng ets or sprays of waterupon said sheet above said pressure-bars, and a series of aircooling-pipes provided with means for throwing regulated saidpressure-bars, and means for externally cooling a sheet of glasspassing'between said pressure-bars, substantially as specified.

8. In an'apparatus for making'sheet glass, a receptacle for holding ameasured portion of molten glass, havinga slit or aperture in the bottomof the same,'a means for closing said slit or aperture, a jacketsurrounding said receptacle, with means for supplying the interspacewith a current of cooling liquid, and a tilting cover 1) provided withan upturned edge 96, substantially as specified.

9. In an apparatus for making sheet-glass,

a receptacle for holding a measured portion of molten glass, having aslit or aperture in the bottom ofthe same, -a means for closing saidslit or aperture, a water-jacketsurrounding said receptacle, with meansfor supplying the inter-space with cooling liquid, a weight suspendedabove said receptacle of such'di-- mensions as to fit the mouth thereof,and means for raising, lowering and regulating the descent of saidweight upon the. surface of the glass, whereby the latter is forced inregulated quantity through said aperture in a continuous stream,substantially as speeified. v.

10. In an apparatus for making sheet-glass, a receptacle for holding ameasured portion of molten glass, having a slit or aperture in thebottom of the same, a barj of dimensions to'fit said aperture, said barhaving T-shaped attached tosaid bar, and means for controlling andregulating the force and speed of said traction, substantially asspecified.

11. In an apparatus for making sheet-glass,

a receptacle for holding a measured portion of molten glass, means forwithdrawing plastic glass from said receptacle in a continuous stream,means for flattening said glass into a plastic sheet as it is withdrawn,means for grasping said sheet frictionally, tractionmeans at-the end ofsaid sheetfor forcibly. pulling the same against said frictional grasping means, whereby it is drawn, stretched and attenuated into a sheet ofthe requisite; thinness and transparency, and means forcoolingandsetting said plastic sheet to a finished condition, substantially asspecified.

12. In an apparatus for makingsheet-glass,

a receptacle for holding a measured portion of molten glass, means forwithdrawing plastic glass from said receptacle in a continuous stream, apair of rolls in proximity to said stream for flattening the same into acontinuous sheet, means for applying regulated pressure to said sheetthrough the rolls, a pair of ressure-bars for ras ing said sheet afterit leaves the rolls, means for applying regulated pressure to said sheetthrough the pressurebars, traction means engaging the end of said sheetto pull the same forcibly-and thereby draw it against the frictionalresistance of the pressure-bars,whereby it is stretched and attenuatedto the required thinness and transparency, and means for cooling andsetting the sheet, substantially as specified.

13. In an apparatus for making sheet-glass,

a receptacle for holding a measured portion of molten glass, means forwithdrawing plastic glass from said receptaclein acontinuous stream, apair of hollow rolls in proximity to said stream for flattening the sameinto a sheet, a means for producing a water circulation through theinteriors of said rolls for cooling the same, a pair of non-revolvinghollow pressure-bars for grasping said sheet after it leaves the rolls,a water circulation through the interiors of said pressure-bars, andtraction means for positively drawing the said sheet against theresistance of the said pressure-bars and thereby elongating the sheetsubstantially as specified.

14:. In an apparatus for making sheet-glass, a jacketed receptacle forholding a measured portion of molten glass, regulated means forwithdrawing plastic glass from said receptacle in a continuous stream, apair of rolls in proximity to said stream of plastic glass forflattening the same into a sheet, regulated means for driving said rollscontinuously in the same direction with respect to their adjacentsurfaces, means for controlling the cooling and setting the plasticsheet, substantially as specified. 1

15. In an apparatus formaking sheet-glass,

a receptacle for holding a measured portion of molten glass, having aninclined top, and a cover 7: hinged thereto, said cover having anupturned edge forming the receptacle 96, as and for the purposespecified. I

16. In an apparatus for making sheet-glass, the combination of ajacketed receptacle for holding a measured portion of molten glass,having a slot or aperture in the-same, means for withdrawing plasticglass through said aperture in acontinuous stream, a pair of rollshaving the space between them in alinement with saidaperture, means forregulating the spacebetween said rolls, so as to be in constantalinement with said slot or aperture, and means for driving said rollssimultaneously in the same direction with respect to their adjacentsurfaces, consisting of sprocket-wheels on the ends of the roll-shafts,an endless slack sprocket-chain passing over and between saidsprocket-wheels, a motor in gear with said chain, and a weighted idlesprocket-pulley carried in the bight of the slack of said'chain, wherebythe rolls are driven without interference with the variable adjustmentof the interspace of the said rolls, substantially as specistream, apair of rolls for flattening said 1 stream into a sheet, means fordriving said rolls continuously in the same direction with respect totheir adjacent surfaces, movable pedestals in which said rolls. aremounted,

and means whereby said pedestals and rolls maybe simultaneouslyapproximated or separated, thereby regulating the space between saidrolls, and keepingit inperfect alinement with the plane of the plasticsheet, substantially as specified.

18. In an apparatus for making sheet-glass, a receptacle for holding ameasured portion of molten glass, means for withdrawing plastic glassfrom said receptacle in a continuous stream, a pair of rolls forflattening said stream into a sheet, means for driving said rollscontinuously in the same direction with respect to their adjacentsurfaces, movable pedestals in which said rolls, are mounted, rockingshaft 73, rocking levers on the ends of said shaft, lever-handle 6S,andlinks connecting said rockinglevers with said movable pedestals,whereby the distance between said rolls is regulated, and the spacethereof kept in constant alinement with the plane of the plastic glass,substantially as specified.

19. In an apparatus for making sheet-glass, a receptacle for holding ameasured portion of molten glass, means for withdrawing plastic glassfrom said receptacle in a continuous stream, a pair of rolls forflattening said stream into a sheet, a pair of pressure-bars sure-barsare mounted, rocking shaft 74, rocking levers on the ends of said shaft,lever handle 67, and links connecting said rocking levers with saidmovable pedestals, whereby the distance between said pressure-bars isregulated, and theinterspace kept in the same position, substantially asspecified.

20. Inan apparatus for making sheet-glass, a pair of rolls for rollingplastic glass into a sheet, means for driving said rolls simultaneouslyin the same direction with respect to their adjacent surfaces, means forsimultancously moving the rolls to vary the distance between them withrespect to a fixed central plane, means for internally cooling saidrolls by a. fluid circulation therethrough, and means for externallycooling said rolls and the sheet of plastic glass compressed thereby,substantially as specified.

21. In an apparatus for making sheet-glass, a receptacle for holding ameasured portion of molten glass, means for delivering hot plastic glassfrom said receptacle in a continuous stream, a pair of rolls for rollingsaid stream of glass into a sheet, a pair of pressure-bars forfrictionally grasping said plastic sheet, meansfor varying the distancebetween said pressure-bars, means for internally cooling saidpressure-bars by a fluid circulation therethrough, and means for coolingthe sheet of I plastic glass as it-passes between and beyond thepressure-bar's, substantially as specified.

22. In an apparatus for making sheet-glass, means for delivering hotplastic glass in a continuous stream, a pairv of rolls for rolling saidcontinuous delivery of plastic glass into a sheet, means for coolingsaid sheet of plastic glass as delivered by the rolls, a pair ofnonrevolving pressu re-bars for frictionally grasping said plasticsheet, and. means for varying the distance between said pressure-bars,and thereby regulating the degree of frictional retardation of theplastic sheet, all combined substantially as specified.

23. In an apparatus for making sheet-glass, in combination, a means fordelivering a contin nous stream of plastic glass, means for flatteningsaid stream into a sheet, means for grasping said plastic sheet on bothsides by non-rotary contact, means engaging the end of said sheet topull the same positively against the resistanceof said grasping means,whereby it is elongated, and means for cooling and setting the plasticsheet, arranged beyond the grasping means and on each side of the sheet,substantially as specified.

' 24. In an apparatus for making sheet-glass, in combination, a meansfor delivering a continuous stream of plastic glass, means forflattoning said stream into a sheet, means for engaging the end of saidsheet for positively pulling it forward, means for retarding the sheetat a given point, whereby it is elongated and attenuated between theretarding-point sheet, a means for cooling said plastic sheet,

a pair of non-rotatory pressure-bars, for frictionally grasping saidplastic sheet, a means for drawing said plastic sheet progressivelythrough said frictional grasping means,

whereby the sh eet is stretched and attenuated to the requisite degreeof thinness and transparency, and means for'cooling and setting the saidsheet into a finished condition, all

' combined substantially asspecified.

26. In an apparatus for making sheet-glass, a receptacle for plasticglass, an upright frame having parallel guid eways thereon, a bartraversing upon said guideways, an electric motor for moving said bar,with means for starting, stopping and reversing the direction of motionof said motor and bar, traction devices on m connected with said bar,and a barj at the extremities of said traction devices, formed withprojections 93 for attachment to plastic glass, whereby the latter maybe assisted and guided in its delivery in a continu ous stream from saidreceptacle, substantially as specified.

27. In an apparatus for making sheet-glass, a means for delivering hotplastic glass in a continuous stream, a traction device for makingjuncture with said delivery, means for positively pulling the saiddevice with its attached glass, a pair of rolls for flattening saidstream of glass into a sheet, an electric motor for driving said rolls,and means for starting and stopping said motor and for regulating thespeed of said motor and rolls, all combined substantially as specified.

28. In an apparatus formakingsheet-glass, a means for delivering hotplastic glass in a continuous stream, a traction device for makingjuncture with said delivery, means for positively pulling said tractiondevice, means for cooling said delivery, means for fiatt-ening saidstream progressively into a sheet, an

electric motor for operating said traction device, and means forstarting, stopping and reversing said motor, and for regulating thespeed thereof, all combined substantially as specified.

29. In an apparatus for making sheet-glass,

a receptacle for plastic glass,an upright frame,

an elevated trackway 57, a traveling carrier running on said trackway, arotary shaft on said carrier, winding-drums on said shaft, bands orcords on said drums, with detach able hooks at the extremities, atransverse bar. 59 with means for attachment to'said detachable hooks,traction-chains m m, and a traction-barj at the extremities of saidchains, formed with means for making a connection with plastic glass,whereby the latter may be assisted and guided in its delivery in acontinuous stream from said receptacle, substantially as specified.

30. In an apparatus for making sheet-glass, a receptacle for holding ameasured portion of molten glass, with forcing means for expellingplastic glass therefrom in a continuous stream, rolls for rolling saidplastic stream progressively into a sheet, traction means for drawing,stretching and attenuating said sheet, and a traversing carrier forlifting, carrying away and depositing the product, with lifting anddepositing means, in combination with a motor for operating the forcingmeans, a motor for'operating the rolls, a motor for operating thetraction means, and a motor for operating the lifting and depositingmeans on the carrier, with means for starting, stopping, reversing andregulating the speed of the respective motors, all substantially asspecified.

31. In an apparatus for making sheet-glass, hollow pressure-bars y, y,adjustable rotatably, having facets 22, 22 formed thereon, whereby newfaces may be presented to the glass, substantially as specified.

32. In an apparatus for making sheet-glass, in combination, ahopper-shaped receptacle for molten glass, having a Water-jacketsurrounding the same, and a slot or elongated aperture in the bottom ofsaid hopper-shaped receptacle, a bar j, having T-shaped projectionsthereon, fitted to said aperture, and levers 94, 94, pivoted to thebottom of said receptacle, for holding said bar in place to stop theaperture thereof, substantially as specified.

33. In an apparatus for making sheet-glass,

a receptacle for holding a measured portion of molten glass, having awater-jacket surrounding said receptacle With means for maintaining afluid circulation therethrough, and having a slot or aperture inthebottom of said receptacle, spraying-pipes on each side of saidaperture, a suspended Weight above said receptacle, fitting the mouththereof, means for lifting and lowering said weight, and means forregulating and controlling said lifting and lowering moans,substantially as specified.

34. The combination of a measuring-tank, having an aperture in thebottom, means for expelling plastic glass from said aperture,

means for forming said expelled glass into a sheet, a water-tank inwhich sheet is immersed, for cooling the same, pressure-bars forgrasping said sheet, drawing and stretching means for elongating andattenuating said sheet, and means for cooling and setting the plasticsheet, substantially as specified.

35. The combination of the rolls 5, z, movable pedestals89, 90, rockinglever 68, shaft 73, standard (36, and adjustable links 71, 72,substantially as specified.

36. The combination of pressure-bars y, y, movable pedestals 89, 90,rocking lever 67,

rock-shaft 74, and adjustable links 69, 7 0, substantially as specified.

37. The combination of hopper-shaped apertured receptacle if, providedwith Waterjacket 16, hinged cover o, provided with'receptacle 96,suspensory weight g, with means for raising and lowering the same, barj, provided with T shaped projections 93, and means for removablyretaining said bar in place in the aperture of said receptacle,substantially as specified.

38. In an apparatus for making sheet-glass, a receptacle for hot plasticglass, means for withdrawing glass from said receptacle, a pair of rollsfor compressing said glass into a plate or sheet, means for varying andregulating the space between said rolls, and means for driving saidrolls, consisting of a slack sprocket-chain, sprocket-wheels on the endsof the rolls, and a weighted idle sprocketpulley in the bight of theslack of the sprocket-chain, whereby the rolls are driven withoutinterfering with the variable adjustment of the interspace of the saidrolls, substantially as specified.

39. In an apparatus for making sheet-glass, a pair of rolls for rollingplastic glass into a sheet or plate, a pair of non-rotatorypressure-bars for frictionally graspingsaid sheet or plate, means forvarying the distance between said pressure-bars, and means forinternally cooling said pressure-bars by a fluid circulation,substantially as specified.

40. In an apparatus for making sheet-glass, in combination, an uprightframehaving parallel guideways thereon, a bar traversing upon saidguideways, an electric motor for moving said bar, with means forreversing the direction of motion of said motor and bar, and meansattached to said bar and moving therewith, for forming attachment to hotplastic glass, substantially as specified.

41. In an apparatus for making sheet-glass, an upright frame withparallel guideways, an elevated platform, an electric motor thereon, atransverse shaft with windin g-drums, geared to and operated by saidmotor, an elevated trackway, a carrier traveling on said trackway, arotary shaft with winding-drums borne on said carrier, and a travelingmotor on said carrier, geared to and operating said rotary shaft, withreversing means, substantially as specified.

In testimony whereof I affix my signature in presence of two witnesses.

FRANK I. IsBELL, HARRIET A. LEMMON.

